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Geo-Help Inc |
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The Geology link for the Canadian Oil and Gas Industry - providing Geological Expertise and Information Services. |
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Click Here For Regulatory Agencies, Societies, University Geology Departments etc |
Site Index and A-Z of Useful Information for Petroleum Geologists Working in Canada ***Note: This version of the index has a limited number of active links. Subscription to Geo-Help's web site services brings this to life. Click here for information on subscriptions.
(Organised in a general alphabetic list - if you don't see what you need contact Geo-Help.)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a - the constant in the Archie Equation (qv) for calculating water saturation, usually has a value of 1 for compacted formations. The value is lower in unconsolidated sands.
Alaska - Department of Oil and Gas
Alberta Drilling - Guide #56 available on-line under publications at the AEUB site (below) gives all the information required to apply for a well licence in Alberta
Alberta Energy Facts - Alberta Government site for Alberta Energy Consumers - primarily information on programs and rebates. Website initiated early 2001.
Alberta Research Council - primarily production related research, substantial information on heavy oil - see under the "Energy" section of this site.
Alberta Well Licences and Land Sale Notices
Alternate Energy Resources - a useful site, their A-Z Index gives access to virtually any energy related information on a country by country or world-wide basis.
***Note: The above illustrates the linkage available on the subscription version of the index. Click here for information on subscriptions.
Analogues for reservoir types - worldwide - a vast resource base available by subscription.
APEGGA Requirements - Want to check your PDH's(?) or find out about the requirements for a PGeol - you can find the information under the "Training and Career Development" area of the Main Page. A very simple table is provided to enable Geologists to rapidly tally their annual totals.
API Gravity (in degrees) = (141.5/Specific gravity) -131.5. (In metric, oil density measured in kg/m3)
Arp's-Roberts Method - Predicts the number of undiscovered fields in a play/basin based on the ratio of area of discovered fields compared to the area of the Basin and the number of exploratory wells. Used by the CGPC (qv) to evaluate plays with very large numbers of pools.
Atlases and Maps (For service providers specific to the Canadian Oil and Gas Industry see under "Service Companies" in the Company web sites page)
Geological Atlas of Western Canada. Click here and go to Publications for on-line version.
National Atlas of Canada
Saskatchewan Geological Atlas is now available on line
Topographic Database of Canada - click here for information
Geographical names of features and places in Canada - where a place is, maps, distances from other defined places etc. See under "Products and Services" - Databases on www.nrcan.gc.ca
US Maps - basic information available free, full system available for a nominal fee click here
Beaufort Sea - Beaufort-McKenzie Mineral Development Area (BMMDA)
BOE - "Barrels of Oil Equivalent" - used to convert natural gas volumes into an equivalent volume of oil. Note that in Canada the conversion is normally carried out on a basis of 10mcf =1 barrel whereas a ratio of 6mcf = 1 barrel is more commonly used in the United States. Different conversions should be derived to portray an energy equivalence or economic equivalence however, to avoid confusion, the above ratios are used.
Business magazines: (For publications specific to the Petroleum Industry - see under the "Services" Section of "Canadian Oil and Gas Companies" - access from the Member Gateway)
Calgary Maps - Keep up to date with this fast growing City.
California Energy Commission - they may have their problems but they have a site with a lot of useful energy resources
Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology - Special Bulletins - See under 'CSPG'
Career Development - ideas for training and career development for Petroleum Geologists
CGPC - Canadian Gas Potential Committee - an independent group formed to review Canadian gas potential. First report published in 1997, a new report is expected in 2001. See "Geological Studies" section of the password protected site for information on how to acquire this report.
Chert Reservoirs - A useful reference to various chert reservoir types is available in AAPG Bulletin Vol 85 #1, January 2001.
Climate change - find out what the Vancouver School Board is teaching on this controversial subject. A GSC publication on the subject is available here. BP's website covers many of the issues.
Coal - Alberta - the AEUB publishes an annual report on the Coal reserves of Alberta. The annual report of the US Coal Industry is available at www.eia.doe.gov
Coalbed Methane (CBM) - Geo-Help is acquiring a range of material to assist in evaluating CBM in Canada. Please contact Geo-Help for more information. For information regarding CBM in the USA see under the USGS site or visit the Society for Organic Petrology site for a list of references.
Co-mentoring - see notes under Training and Development accessible from the home page
Companies - a comprehensive listing of Canadian Exploration and Production Companies with direct links to web sites where available. Includes a unique, up-to-date tracking of predecessor companies. For other companies related to the oil and gas Industry see under "Service Companies" on the same page.
Computer terminology - Can't keep up with the jargon? - check webopedia.com
Consultants - Geo-Help can provide a variety of Geological expertise through it's proprietary data base. in addition you can check the "Opportunites" area on the main page.
Consultant's Geological Studies - instantly find out what studies have been completed in the last ten years - not just by the well known geological consulting firms but also by other individuals and groups.
Contact Geo-Help Dave Russum (403) 813-4457 or (403) 284-4775
Conversion Factors
Area
1 square foot = 0.0929 square metres
1 square yard = 0.8364 square metres (1square metre = 1.1956 square yards)
1 Hectare = 2.471 Acres, (1Acre = 0.4047 Hectares)
1 Sq Mile = 640 Acres = 259 Hectares = 2.591 Sq. Km
1 Acre = 43560 Sq ft
Density
1lb/gal (US) = 119.8 kg/m3
1lb/gal (IMP) = 99.78 kg/m3
Heat Energy
1 Kilojoule = 0.948 Btus (British Thermal Units)
1 gigajoule = 1 billion joules, (4.19 joules are required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by 1 degree Celsius)
1 mcf = 0.96492 gigajoules
According to Epcor, 1 Gj of Natural gas = 26.5 litres heating oil = 39 Litres propane = 200lbs coal
Length
1 Metre = 3.281 Feet, (1 Foot = 0.3048 Metres)
1 Mile = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1609 metres (1.609 kilometres)
Pressure
1 kPa (Kilopascal) = 0.145 psi (1 psi = 6.895 kPa)
1 Atmosphere = 101.325 kPa
Temperature -
Celsius = 0.556(F-32) Fahrenheit= (1.8*C)+32
Kelvin = C + 273.15
Rankine = F + 459.69
Volume
1 Cubic Metre = 35.494 Cubic Feet, ( 1 Cubic Foot = 0.02832 Cubic Metres)
1 Cubic Metre = 6.290 Barrels, (1 Barrel = 0.159 Cubic Metres)
1 Cubic Metre = 220 Gallons Imperial = 264.2 Gallons (US)
1 Litre = 0.22 Imperial Gallons, (1 Imperial Gallon = 4.545 Litres)
1 US Gallon = 3.785 Litres = 0.8327 Imperial Gallons
1 Barrel = 35 Imperial gallons = 42 US Gallons
1 mcf = 28.32 Cubic Metres
1 Mmcf = 28,320 Cubic Metres
1 Bcf = 28,320,000 Cubic Metres
Weight/Mass
1 ounce = 28.35 grams (1 gram =0.03527 ounces)
1 Kilogram = 2.205 Pound, (1 Pound = 0.4536 Kilograms)
1 ton (UK "Long Ton") = 2240 lbs = 1.102 Short tons (Short ton = 2000 lbs)
1 tonne = 1000 kilograms = 2205lbs
To convert km/litre to miles/gallon (Imperial) multiply by 2.825. (2.352 for US Gallons).
Core Conference Index - Index of CSPG Core Conferences 1994 to 2001 - these are not indexed ANYWHERE else - over 190 original studies relevant to this part of the world - a great source for original work, references and expert help.
Core Research Centres - Phone numbers for Government core facilities
Alberta - Calgary (403) 297-6400
British Columbia - Charlie Lake (near Fort St John) (250) 262-3309
Saskatchewan - Regina (306) 787-2621
Courses for Geologists - A comprehensive Directory of Geological Courses available for Petroleum Geologists with particular emphasis on those relevant and convenient for Geologist working in Canada. The AAPG now has a series of Interactive Online Learning Courses that can be taken as a series of modules ($35 per module) - visit the AAPG website.
CSPG Bulletins - Special Volumes:
Fluvial Systems - Vol 50 #1, March 2002
Daily Industry News - Worldwide
Devonian of Western Canada - See CSPG Special Volume 49 #1, March 2001
Dictionary of Geological Terms - dictionaries for all branches of science and business available at this site - look under physical sciences for Geology or Geophysics.
A dictionary of Mining Geology - go to toolkits on this site.
Click here for a general Dictionary and a Thesaurus. Computer terminology - check webopedia.com
Differential - the difference between light and heavy crude oil prices - heavy crude sells at a discount to cover the extra cost of transportation and processing - tends to fluctuate seasonally with demand for asphalt for road paving (ie low differential in summer, high in winter). Typical differentials in Western Canada have been in the $5 per barrel range, in August 2005 the differential was >$24.78 (Cdn) per barrel.
Drill Stem Test Analysis - see Testing
Drilling Activity - Alberta - statistics of monthly well status available free from AEUB (ST 59) appoximately 50 days after month end. Stats available free on internet.
Drilling Statistics for the Canadian Petroleum Industry (Drilling, Production, Reserves) are produced each year by CAPP and are available by subscription (Available November for the previous year). This data should be available on-line in 2002.
Dry and Abandoned - a storage place for trivia questions relating to the Canadian Oil Industry and jokes relating to geology is accessible from the main page.
Earthquakes - get up to the minute information here. If this doesn't take you direct to the site, go to the University of Edinburgh, Goegraphy department site and find Earthquake Locator under web resources.
Employment - the AAPG site has a number of good links for general job hunting and for job opportunities on the International and US scene. A number of sites have been set up for Oil and Gas in Canada but they tend to be quite limited for geoscientists.
Encyclopedia Britannica - Information on virtually anything else! Other useful resources: Almanac.
Energy Conservation: for energy saving tips: www.getenergysmart.org or www.ase.org or www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca or www.enmax.com
Environmental Issues - BP's website covers a number of issues in this area. Also check the Pembina Institute for issues directly related to Alberta.
Events Calendar
Exploration Results - a summary of steps that should improve the chance of achieving a successful exploration program. Available free from the Geo-Help's main page.
Field Trips - Formal field trips are under the "Geological Course Listing".
Field Trips - Self-led - An extensive listing of resources for organising your own geological field trips can be found under "Field Trips" on the homepage. Main emphasis is on the Calgary area but this page is expanding to include geological trips and sites in other parts of the world. An ideal resource for Professional Geologists, Teachers and other interested individuals
Gas Prices - Canadian Gas and Oil Price - forecasts and historic prices.
Gas Technology Institute - includes papers on various relevant gas topics
Gas Hydrates - Good summary paper for Canada in AAPG Bulletin Vol 85, No. 7, July 2001. Test drilling and research is taking place at Mallik on the coast of the Mckenzie Delta starting in 2002.
Gasoline Prices - Check out the price split on a liter of gasoline - it's on Geo-Help's Home page just under the "For fun" area. Check Calgary's gasoline prices here.
General Information - The Calgary Public Library Recommended Links page has a vast selection of general information
General interest:
Canadian Geographic - the May/June 2001 issue has some good energy articles on the tarsands, Alaska Wildlife Refuge and Solar and Wind Power.
Dictionary
Encyclopedia Britannica
National Geographic
Thesaurus
Geographical names of features and places in Canada - see under "Products and Services" - Databases on www.nrcan.gc.ca
Geo-Help - Dave Russum - (403) 813-4457 or (403) 284-4775
Geological Atlas of Western Canada
Geological Sites and Field Trips - Primarily in Western Canada but with some useful information when you're travelling around the World. See Main Page.
Geological Software - Geo-Help is developing a unique evaluation of software relevant to the Canadian Oil and gas Industry - see main page of website or contact Geo-Help for more information.
Geological Studies - a Directory of Geological Studies relevant to Canadian Exploration available from Consultants.
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) - Site is a little difficult to use but lots of good contacts and information particularly if you access the various regional offices from the main page.
Geological Time Scale
Geologic Terms - An Illustrated Glossary of Geologic Terms.
Geology General - The University of Acadia has a good portal for Geological information with a strong Canadian content. Another source of general geological information from the University of Southampton UK. The information is not obvious to find but click on one of the key words on the first page.
Geology Links - a useful source for internet based geological information - depositional environments, case studies, virtual field trips, research, geology departments, government agencies - world wide - you could get lost for hours here!
Hard rock geology - Check out the Northern Miner.
Heavy Oil - <25 degree API gravity. Note the metric definition of 900 kg/m3 is equivalent to 25.7 API Gravity. (Typical crude ranges: Lloydminster 13-25 API gravity, Cold lake 10-13 API gravity, Athabasca <10 API gravity). For some general information on Heavy Oil visit www.lloydminsterheavyoil.com
History of Canadian Oil Industry - a chronology is given under the public part of this web site (access from home page). Note - A bibliography of the Canadian Oil Industry can be found at the end of the chronological list.
History of the Oil Industry Worldwide can be obtained through AAPG's web site.
Horizontal Drilling - Canadian Discovery Ltd have a database and analysis of all the horizontal wells drilled in Canada
Hydrates - see under "Gas Hydrates"
Hydrogen Sulphide - see under "Sour gas"
Information - Geo-Help has access to an enormous variety of little known information sources relevant to this Industry. We can research virtually any topic for a fee - this is not the same as a Literature search - contact Geo-Help for information.
Insights into the energy business from some of the key figures in this Industry including Sir John Browne (BP), Dr Rilwanu Lukman (OPEC) and James Gray (Canadian Hunter).
International Production, Consumption and Price of energy resources - Click here
Investment Information
Journals on line:
Search and Discovery - free internet journal published by AAPG/Datapages
Lahee well Classification - Click here
Land Sales - Alberta Mineral Rights , BC Mineral Rights , Saskatchewan Mineral Rights
Lexicon of Oil Industry Terms: Click here . Alternatively try Schlumberger's site.
Liard Resources Directory
Library Services - see also "Literature Searches"
Calgary Public Library - Business Information Services 260-2782
University of Calgary, Gallagher (Geological) Library - Contact Regina Shedd at the 220-3744.
AEUB Library (2nd Floor, 640 - 5th Avenue SW, Calgary) open to the Public 12:00 to 4:00 daily
NEB Library (444-7th Ave SW, Calgary) is open to the Public 9:00 to 4:00 daily
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) Library (3303 33rd St NW, Calgary - 292-7000) is open to the public daily
Library of Congress
Links (Web Sites)-
Oil and Gas Companies - see under "Company Web Sites"
Regulatory Agencies - click on bar at top of page
Service Companies - see tab under "Company Web Sites"
Societies - click on bar at top of page
Training Providers - see under "Training Courses"
University Geology Departments - see top of page
Liquefied Natural Gas - natural gas converted to a liquid to enable transportation by tanker rather than pipeline - has the potential to change natural gas from a continental to a global resource. Current estimate of price required to make this economically viable is $3.50 to $4.00 US (Source AEC Presentation, Nov 2001.
Literature Searches (see also Libraries)
Note that Geo-Help's password protected site has a number of unique resources for finding studies and information relevant to Canadian Exploration - Theses index, Directory of Geological Studies, Core Conference index.
AAPG Publications
from 1917 to date can be searched and accessed on the internet - free
for members - visit the AAPG site for details.
GSC Libary Index and a link to the Gallagher Library (University of Calgary Geological Library) can be accessed here.
Petroleum Abstracts (Tulsa Database) can be accessed through the Calgary Public Library for a fee - probably $30 - 50 per search. Call 260-2782.
SEPM - Journal of Sedimentology Research can be searched and accessed for a fee - visit the AAPG site for details.
Lithoprobe - a joint Government/Industry/Academia examination of the basement structure and impact on sedimentary cover in the Alberta Basin.
Log Analysis - Contact Geo-Help for information on a downloadable 'quick look' log analysis program designed specifically for the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Ross Crain is setting up an Interactive Learning Centre which will include the complete text of his handbook - should be very useful once complete.
Log Interpretation Checklist
Log Libraries - Check with Geo-Help for sources of this informatiion
Maps - See under "Atlases"
Mckenzie Valley - Beaufort-McKenzie Mineral Development Area (BMMDA)
Michigan Basin
Mining Geology - Can't remember what an epithermal deposit is or curious about something in hard rock geology, visit www.northernminer.com - their toolkit includes a dictionary of mining terms and a "Mining Geology 101".
Montana - Wells, Pools, Reserves, Studies. Montana Geological Society.
Museums - Information and links to Museums around the World with strong earth science exhibits are being added under the Field Trips section accessible from the main page. See also Canada's Virtual Museum Site.
New Brunswick - for the latest in exploration activity in this area
North Dakota - Wells, Pools, Reserves, Studies
Oil and Gas Industry Introduction - Here is a free basic course from SAIT that will give a primer to the industry.
Oil and Gas Companies - a comprehensive listing of Canadian Exploration and Production Companies with direct links to web sites where available. Includes a unique, up-to-date tracking of predecessor companies.
Oil Prices - Historical look at World Oil Prices in relation to World events. For current prices and forecasts click here and hit the icon for pricing.
Original Gas In Place: (Imperial)
OGIP=43560*Area*Height*Porosity*(1-Sw)*Bg
Bg = Gas Volume Factor = PTg/PgTZ (Where P=Original Pressure, Tg =Standard Temperature=520 Rankine, Pg=Standard Pressure=14.65 psi, T=Reservoir temperature in Rankine= F+460, Z=Deviation factor.)
Original Oil In Place (Imperial)
OOIP = 7758*Area*Height*Porosity*(1-Sw)/Boi
Boi=Reservoir Volume Factor (should be >1 except in Retrograde Conditions)
PDHs - Professional Development Hours - what are they? See under "APEGGA" from the "Training and Development" area of the main page.
Peace River Arch (PRA) -See CSPG Special Volume 38A, December 1990
Permeability (k) -a measure of a rocks ability to transmit fluid - measured in Darcies and millidarcies after the French engineer who originally derived the formula. The permeability in millidarcies is the volume of air (in cubic centimetres per second) flowing through a cubic centimetre of rock at specific temperature, pressure and viscosity conditions. Relative permeability addresses the permeability of the rock to a particular phase when two or more phases are present in differing proportions (eg oil and water).
Petrimes Method - "Petroleum Exploration and Resource Evaluation System" developed by the GSC as a means to estimate the pool size distribution in a play. Pools in a play have an approximately log normal distribution, knowing the distribution of existing pools and an estimate of the total number of pools, the size distribution of undiscovered pools can be estimated. The Canadian Gas Potential Committee (1997) used this method to estimate the undiscovered potential in the WCSB.
Petroleum Geology - Check here if you're looking for an easy way to explain what Petroleum Geologists do.
Petroleum Industry in Canada - where to find basic information to explain to your relatives why the price of gasoline is so high or what the Oil and Gas Industry is all about.
Phone Numbers - see under "Telephone Numbers"
Place names - Geographical names of features and places in Canada
Predecessor Companies - see under Websites of Canadian Oil and Gas Companies
Prefixes - Use this handy dictionary to interpret geological terms or to invent your own!
Press Releases - relevant to Oil and gas Industry, also rig counts and current oil and gas prices
Prices of Products - see under "Oil Prices", "Gas Prices"
Production data, also drilling and well tickets available over the internet or fax on a pay as you use basis.
Production Statistics for the Canadian Petroleum Industry (Drilling, Production, Reserves) are produced each year by CAPP and are available by subscription (Available November for the previous year). This data should be available on-line in 2002.
Prospects - Have a prospect to sell or looking for prospects - consider the "Opportunities" section on the main page
PSAC - Petroleum Services Association of Canada - "PSAC Areas" are defined areas of the WCSB used for comparing drilling costs, reserves, production and other industry information
Publications on line:
Search and Discovery - free internet journal published by AAPG/Datapages
Quotes about the Oil Industry from the past 150 years.
Recoverable Oil and Recoverable Gas Estimators - here's a handy tool for a quick look
Regulatory Agencies for Oil and Gas in Canada Includes relevant Provincial and Federal agencies plus University Geology Departments and Societies.
Remote Sensing - Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
Renewable Energy Resources - hydro, solar, geothermal - see the U.S. Renewable Energy Annual. For solarpower information and links.
Reserves
Alberta publishes their previous year reserve report in May/June, The 2000 report consists of a summary publication (free) that includes an outlook for 2001/2010 and a CD of Pool data in Excel format costing $500. Publications available from AEUB.
US - the annual report by the Department of Energy can be found here (under publications)
Digital reserve data for the Western Provinces can be obtained from Public Knowledge Inc. (403) 531-9575.
Reserve reporting - Alberta Securities Commission task force recommendations on oil and gas reserve disclosure requirements (Jan 2001).
Reserve Statistics for the Canadian Petroleum Industry (Drilling, Production, Reserves) are produced each year by CAPP and are available by subscription (Available November for the previous year). This data should be available on-line in 2002.
Resource Assessment - various assessments of the Resource Potential in Canada by Consultants, the GSC and other Regulatory bodies can be found in the Geological Studies Directory. In addition, Geo-Help can provide access to other sources of information on basin and play potential, recent trends and strategic planning.
Rock comparator - Doug Hayden and Ray Strom have created a new rock comparator with both actual rock cuttings and photographs on a CD-Rom. Contact Doug at (403) 254-9785.
SAG-D (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) - Process for extracting bitumen from tar sands using two vertically parallel horizontal wells. Steam is injected into the upper well to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen which is then produced from the lower wellbore. AEC has a major project at Foster Creek, near Cold Lake using this method. See also "Vapex".
Saskatchewan well Licences and Horizontal Drilling activity. Note SEM also has a reference list for geological studies of the deep oil plays in Saskatchewan.
Saskatchewan Geological Atlas is now available on line
Search Engines - Search using Google - Excellent for technical keyword searches, note this search can either access just Geo-Help's free web site or the complete internet. Unfortunately, this is not searching the huge resource available through Geo-Help's proprietary site. Quick access to a variety of commercial search engines: www.gosearch.com. Or try asking Jeeves. Dogpile goes one better by searching six search engines at once.
Sedimentology - Virtual Sedimentology Congress - proposed for October 2001, visit www.sedimentologia.com
Sequence Stratigraphy - Paper by Friedman and Sanders in AAPG Bull V 84 No. 9 (Sept 2000) has an extensive list of useful references on the subject.
Service Companies for the geological community of the Canadian oil and gas industry - this is an indexed link to the websites of the major service providers - this is like a virtual exhibit hall - Click the tab "Service Companies" under Canadian Oil and Gas Companies
SI Prefixes:
Size scale relevant to Western Canada
Societies - Links - click on the bar at the top of this page.
Software - Geo-Help is developing a unique evaluation of geological software relevant to the Canadian Oil and gas Industry - see main page of website or contact Geo-Help for more information.
Sour Gas - A Critical Sour well in Alberta is any well with a maximum Hydrogen Sulphide release rate >2.0m3 per sec. Wells close to habitation have lower limits. Note that new regulations (Revised Guide #56) have been introduced for the licensing of sour gas wells see AEUB website. Touchtone Data have a product to help evaluate hydrogen sulphide release rates.
Statistics on the Canadian Petroleum Industry (Drilling, Production, Reserves) are produced each year by CAPP and are available by subscription (Available November for the previous year). This data should be available on-line in 2002.
Strategic Planning - Contact Geo-Help for Consulting services available in this area.
Students available for Part-time or summer employment - contact Geo-Help
Take-Overs, Mergers, Bankruptcies - Where did that Oil Company go? An easy way to keep track is on the Canadian Oil and Gas Companies page where an up-to-date listing of pre-decessor companies is available.
Tar Sands - For general information on the Alberta Tar Sands start here.
Taxes on gasoline - If you think we're hit hard check out the summary on the main page!
Technologists - need short term technical support? Contact Geo-Help or check under the "Opportunities" section from the Main Page.
Telephone Numbers - Local or Anywhere in the World - The Calgary Public Library Recommended Links page has a number of resources to find phone numbers anywhere.
Territories Resources:
Fort Liard Resources Directory
Beaufort-McKenzie Mineral Development Area (BMMDA)
Theses relevant to the Canadian Oil Industry - This information is currently being assembled - an excellent resource for finding original research and expertise - available information is on the public part of this web site (access from home page). Includes a link to the University of Calgary's geological thesis index.
Tour reports for wells drilled in Alberta are available at the Core Research Centre
Training Courses - Directory of available, relevant geological courses
Training Online - The AAPG now has a series of Interactive Online Learning Courses that can be taken as a series of modules ($35 per module) - visit the AAPG website.
Triangle Zone - See CSPG Special Volume 44 #2, June 1996
Triassic of Western Canada - See CSPG Special Vol 45 #4, December 1997
Trivia - a wide variety of facts and statistics on the Canadian Petroleum Industry can be found here.
University Geology Departments - Links - click on the bar at the top of this page.
United States Geological Survey - a useful starting point for a wealth of geological information.
Unorthodox views in Geology to change the paradigms(?) Click here.
US Statistics on Petroleum industry - US Department of Energy - a significant resource for a wide variety of energy related information. The annual report of US Oil and Gas reserves can be accessed under 'publications' at this site. Also try the American Petroleum Insitiute website.
US States Websites - use www.state.(2 letter state code).us for access to the resource departments of the various State Governements
Vapex - An advancement on SAG-D (qv) which uses propane in place of steam as the method for reducing the viscosity of bitumen in underground tarsand deposits. According to AEC, the technique works best at 12 degrees Celsius and is considerably cheaper than using steam.
Virtual Sedimentology Congress - proposed for October 2001, visit www.sedimentologia.com
Viscosity of a liquid - measured by the force in dynes per sq cm necessary to maintain a velocity of 1cm per sec between layers 1 cm apart. Water at 20 degrees C has a viscosity of 1 centipoise. Lloydminster Heavy Oil, viscosity 20 - 1000 centipoise, Cold Lake Oil 10000-100000 centipoise and Athabasca Tar Sand >1000000 centipoise.
WCSB - Western Canada Sedimentary Basin - the area between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains that holds most of the recognised Canadian oil and gas resources.
Web Sites - See under "Links" for information on where to find the different types of sites.
Williston Basin - US portion of Basin - Wells, Pools, Reserves, Studies
World Energy - BP has an extensive statistical review of world energy prepared annually. The American Petroleum Institute has links to a number of useful resources. The API's "Basic Petroleum Data Book " is published annually.
Yukon Oil and Gas
Z is the deviation factor applied to gas volume calculations to account for the difference between an ideal gas and the gas in a reservoir.
***Note: This version of the index has a limited number of active links. Subscription to Geo-Help's web site services brings this to life. Click here for information on subscriptions.